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Protection Circuitry Module

Protection Functions for Li-ion batteries
1. Overcharge voltage prevention.
2. Over discharge voltage prevention.
3. Over-current prevention.
4. Short circuit prevention.
5. Protection from high temperature of the battery.
6. Protection from the increase in internal pressure of the battery.
 
Why do Li-ion batteries need protections?
  • The negative electrode of Li-ion batteries consists of, mainly, carbon or graphite that can store or release Li ions. Once there's an over discharge voltage, the Li ions turn to be Li metals and deposit on the carbon or graphite surfaces. Because the Li metal is very active, it can burn by any flush or other reasons.
  • The electrolyte contains flammable organic solvent. Therefore, once the used charger goes wrong and there is an existing overcharge voltage, the voltage wingo above 4.7V, and the Li-ion batteries will be overheated and then to be burned.
  • In order to prevent deep discharge that leads to shorten the cycle life of the battery, the Li-ion batteries need an over discharge protection.
 
Protections Components of Li-ion Batteries
  Components Functions Devices
1 Protection IC + MOSFET Prevent overcharge voltage, overdischarge voltage, and overcurrent. Protection circuitry module
2 Current Fuse Prevent overcharge voltage and overcurrent. Protection circuitry module
3 Thermal Fuse Prevent overcharge voltage and overcurrent. Protection circuitry module
Prevent too high temperature of the battery and overcurrent. Battery pack
4 PTC Prevent too high temperature of the battery and overcurrent. Inside the battery or battery pack
5 Bimetal Prevent temperature increase in the batteries and overcurrent Multiple series of the batteries in packs
6 Safety vent Prevent overcharge voltage, too high pressure inside the battery, and too high temperature of the battery. On outer Al casing
7 Fusing resistor Prevent overcharge voltage and overcurrent Protection circuitry module
 
Protection Circuitry Module For Battery Pack
The Protection Circuit Module (PCM) is used to protect lithium-ion(Li-ion) rechargeable battery from over-charging, over-discharging and overcurrent. The PCM is suitable for protecting a single-cell pack. The PCM can detect over-charging, over-discharging and excess load current of Li-ion battery, further include a short circuit protector to prevent large external short circuit current.
 
Model:SST-1S1P(example)
Electrical Characteristics:
  Components Typ. Max.
1 Over-charging voltage detection 4.2 V 4.225
2 Over-discharging voltage detection 2.3 V 2.4V
3 Release over-discharge mode 3.0V 3.12V
4 Over-current level 200mV 226mV
5 Condition of release over-current mode Load condition
6 Over-charging voltage dead time 2sec  
7 Over-discharging voltage dead time 10msec 15msec
8 Over-current dead time 10msec 15msec
 
Electrical Block Diagram
 
Protection Circuitry Module For Battery Pack
Symbol Pin description
B+ Positive terminal of cell
B- Negative terminal of cell
V+ Positive power supply input for charger
V- Negative power supply input for charger
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